John B. Watson s Article Summary Essay - 1765 Words

Article Summary One of the most famous American Psychologists, John B. Watson, conducted numerous experiments that helped establish a clearer understanding of how the human brain associates response to certain situations. In one of his more famous experiments, Watson tested the conditioned emotional response of a small child. This child, Albert, was eleven months old and was one of â€Å"the most developed youngsters ever brought to the hospital† (Watson, 1). It was noted that he never presented fear in any situation, and rarely ever cried. For this reason, Albert was a strong subject for testing throughout the conditioned response experiment. Ultimately, Watson hoped to answer the research question: â€Å"Are reactions and behaviors of humans a result of conditioning, or are they naturally implemented in humans from birth?†. However, before Watson began the experiment, he hypothesized that all behaviors are a result of conditioning. Similar to previous observations made, Watsonâ€℠¢s goal was to implement stimuli, triggering an emotional response while a certain object was in the child’s possession. If Watson’s hypothesis was correct, a fear reaction would be triggered when the same object was shown to Albert. To begin the experiment, Watson introduced a rat to Albert and recorded the child’s behavior. Albert demonstrated no fear of the rat at all, and proceeded to reach for the animal. Just as Albert’s hand touched the animal, Watson struck a metal bar behind the child’s head. ThisShow MoreRelatedClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1095 Words   |  5 Pagesexplored by first giving a general definition along with the general phases of basic classical conditioning. Then, more insight is given about the developers of this learning process and their experiments: Ivan Pavlov and his dog experiment and John B. Watson and Little Albert experiment. Finally, real-world applications of this learning process are introduced such as h ow to treat phobias, addictions and achieve good classroom behavior. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born in Russia in 1849. He was firstRead MoreBenefits And Limitations Of A Physical Education Learning Theory1351 Words   |  6 Pagesso, the selected learning theory will be compared and contrasted with basic learning theories and concepts. Firstly, the selected learning theory will be outlined. Secondly, this paper will discuss behaviourist approach to learning. Finally, to summaries this paper, the reader will get a greater understanding ofbehaviourist approach to learning.To put this discussion into context there now follows a definition of learning and a brief description of the behaviourist theory. Learning can be definedRead MoreEssay on Behaviorism: Types, History, and Today2278 Words   |  10 Pagesfocus. The main overall focus is it studies how a human behaves and is supposed to behave in order to detect human behavior discrepancies. As a behaviorist view, everything you see has a set behavior and should perform a certain, similar to robots. Watson stated that â€Å"psychology as a behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is †¦ prediction and control† (1913, p.158). A more in depth perspective it is that they also believe people have noRead MoreInformation Security15951 Words   |  64 Pagesliterature is a crucial endeavor for any academic research (Webster Watson, 2002, pp. 48-49). The need to uncover what is already known in the body of knowledge prior to initiating any research study should not be underestimated (Hart, 1998). Some fields of studies, such as engineering, have chronically suffered from a lack of proper literature reviews, which has hindered theoretical and conceptual progress (D. Shaw, 1995). Webster and Watson (2002) also criticized the Information Systems (IS) field forRead MoreEssay on Globalization of McdonaldS on China5339 Words   |  22 PagesGlobalization of McDonald’s in China Executive Summary McDonald’s is one the largest fastest growing fast-food restaurant in the world. McDonald’s have become a household name across the world. The fast food giant has come a long way from being just a burger stand in San Bernardino, California in 1940. The original owners were two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald. The hot dog stand evolved into a restaurant offering 25 items on the menu. In 1947, Richard and Maurice (going forwardRead MoreSoft Skills: An Essential in the 21st Century Managers Toolkit2864 Words   |  12 Pagesmore with less. A rise in people with traditional degrees and certificates in the UK (Office for National Statistics, 2013) causes higher supply of workforce with sufficient technical skills, creating a need for companies to distinguish a person s potential input within a workplace via further means. Looking for the right manager to promote effectiveness and productivity in a company during an economic downturn, firms are now starting to understand the trend of putting higher importance onRead MoreOrganizational Behaviorial Case Study4431 Words   |  18 PagesOrganizational Behavioral Study for Adobe Systems Incorporated University of Phoenix School of Advanced Studies Abstract Adobe Systems Incorporated is committed to innovation. In 1982, Chuck Geschke and John Warnock founded Adobe when they set out to solve the problem of getting text and images on a computer screen. In 1983 they launched Adobe Post Script and were embraced as industry visionaries and leaders. Adobe’s Portable Document Format or PDF provided solutions for businesses and allowedRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novelRead MoreBenifits of Language5821 Words   |  24 Pagesfaculty using active learning and get ideas from them. 2. Observe classes where active learning is going on 3. Attend workshops, training sessions, or seminars on how to incorporate active learning approaches. 4. Read research and articles about the values and ways to use active learning. 5. Plan carefully and start with simple approaches. Pair work is often the easiest to begin using and has the least chance for social problems. †¢ A worksheet in pairs is a simpleRead MoreMarket Segmentation in Hospitality Research6132 Words   |  25 PagesMarket segmentation in hospitality research: no longer a sequential process John T. Bowen William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA Explores development in market segmentation relating to hospitality and tourism research published between 1990 and 1998. The literature is divided into three sections: segmenting a market; market targeting and marketing positioning. Identiï ¬ es new areas for research, deeper examination of segments, identiï ¬ cation of difference